The Founding Moment: 1948 and Politics of Recognition. The special relationship between US and Israel was formed within eleven minutes. Then President Harry Truman of USA was the first country in the world to recognize the new Jewish state on 14 May 1948, when David Ben-Gurion declared the state of Israel. President Biden subsequently confirmed…
Introduction Ayatollah Syed Ali Khamenei had a legacy of resistance and dignity. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatollah Syed Ali Hosseini Khamenei, was the senior-most political and religious leader in the country, a position he held for 37 years, between the year 1989 and his martyrdom on February 28, 2026. Being…
INTRODUCTION PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY towards Afghanistan during the last seventy nine years has been through various changes due to the international conditions, changing positions of power and changing calculations of strategies. Since the beginning of the fight over the Durand Line, the Cold War, proxy wars in the Soviet-Afghan war, and Taliban regime support, post-9/11…
Confucius: Old Tradition in the Modern World. Confucius (551-479 BCE) has been regarded as one of the most influential philosophers in the history of the world, although his teachings have been misconceived in the modern world. In contrast to Western philosophers practicing abstract metaphysics, Confucius did not think abstractly: he was interested in practical ethics,…
Introduction Pakistan is a federal republic, having three levels of government, i.e. national, provincial and local. Articles 32 and 140-A of the constitution protect the local government. There are also local-government-enabling legislations and ministries in each province in charge of implementation. The district councils and the metropolitan corporations are respectively the highest rural and urban…
On August 14, 1947, Pakistan as a nation was born from the partition of British India with the express guarantee of creating a democratic homeland for the Muslims. The founding father, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, had envisioned Pakistan as a modern democratic state in which all citizens regardless of their religion, caste or creed – would…
Introduction Since the fall of Kabul Afghan soil has become a safe heaven for terrorists groups operating in Pakistan Maleeha Lodhi When the US Army was leaving Kabul and Taliban was taking power it was considered than that peace would come in the region. Contrary to this, Afghan soil has now become a safe haven…
BACKGROUND Following the 7 October attack on Tel Aviv initiated a bloody war on Palestine in 2023, which is still going on and after the announcement of ceasefire more 400 people are killed in Gaza in last 20 days. the entire Gaza strip is demolished and more than 62,614 Palestinian are killed by Israel since…
Climate justice is an essential moral and ethical value and may be regarded as one that tries to identify how climate change adversely affects vulnerable communities and future generations. It promotes the fair sharing of the burden brought about by the climatic change and the obligation in terms of mitigation measuring an imperative awareness of…
INTRODUCTION The Human Development Index ( HDI ) is a multidimensional instrument invented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and it reflects critical dimensions of the human development. The HDI measures the quality of development compared to assessing development on economic grounds alone, and the IDI takes into consideration health, education, and the quality…
